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Publisher: Peytchinski Publishing Ltd.
ISSN: 1312-773X (Online)
Issue: 2026, vol. 32, issue2
Subject Area: Dental Medicine
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DOI: 10.5272/jimab.2026322.6842
Published online: 11 May 2026
Original article
J of IMAB. 2026 Apr-Jun;32(2):6842-6846
EVALUATION OF THE BOND STRENGTH BETWEEN BIOACTIVE RESTORATIVE SYSTEMS AND PRIMARY TEETH DENTIN: AN IN VITRO STUDY
Viktoriya Gateva
, Natalia Gateva-Grancharova,
Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University – Sofia, Bulgaria.
ABSTRACT:
Purpose: Comparative evaluation of the bond strength between four bioactive restorative materials and the dentin of primary teeth.
Materials and Methods: The study included 120 extracted primary teeth, divided into four groups according to the restorative material used. The tested materials were the giomer Beautifil II with the adhesive system Clearfil SE Protect, the compomer Dyract with the adhesive system Evetric, the nanofilled composite Estelite Sigma Quick with the adhesive system Bond Force II, and the conventional glass ionomer cement Fuji IX GP. After the preparation of the samples they were subjected to thermocycling. Prismatic sticks (approx. 2×2×20 mm) were sectioned from each sample and tested for microtensile bond strength (μTBS) at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. The results were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey test (p < 0.05).
Results: The giomer Beautifil II and the compomer Dyract showed the highest mean values of the adhesive bond strength—5.59 MPa and 5.29 MPa, respectively—while the lowest values were recorded for the conventional GIC Fuji IX GP (2.61 MPa). Beautifil II showed statistically significant higher values compared to all the other materials (Fuji IX GP, Estelite Sigma Quick, and Dyract XP). No statistically significant differences were found between Dyract XP and Estelite (p = 0.899).
Conclusion: The highest bond strength was observed with Beautifil II + Clearfil SE Protect, followed by Dyract + Evetric, ESQ + Bond Force II, and Fuji IX GP. The superior performance is achieved by the combination of a bioactive restorative material and a two-step self-etch adhesive system, which provides both chemical and micromechanical retention, due to the incorporation of 10-MDP monomer in its structure.
Keywords: Primary teeth, dentin bonding, bioactive restorative materials, giomer, compomer, glass ionomer cement,
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Please cite this article as: Gateva V, Gateva-Grancharova N. Evaluation of the Bond Strength Between Bioactive restorative systems and Primary Teeth Dentin: An in Vitro Study. J of IMAB. 2026 Apr-Jun;32(2):6842-6846. [Crossref - 10.5272/jimab.2026322.6842]
Correspondence to: Viktoriya Velizarova Gateva, Department of Pediatric dentistry, Faculty of Dental medicine, Sofia; 1, Georgi Sofiyski Str., Sofia, Bulgaria; E-mail: v.gateva@fdm.mu-sofia.bg
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Received: 06 October 2025
Published online: 11 May 2026