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Publisher: Peytchinski Publishing
ISSN: 1312-773X (Online)
Issue: 2017, vol. 23, issue 2
Subject Area: Medicine
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DOI: 10.5272/jimab.2017232.1550
Published online: 23 May 2017
Review Article
J of IMAB 2017 Apr-Jun;23(2):1550-1559
IMMUNOTOXICOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF BIOCOMPATIBILITY OF TITANIUM
Maya Lyapina1
, Mariana Cekova2, Mariela Deliverska3, Jordan Galabov2, Angelina Kisselova2,
1) Department Hygiene, Medical Ecology and Nutrition, Medical Faculty, Medical University - Sofia,
2) Department Oral and Image Diagnostic, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University - Sofia,
3) Department Medical Ethics and Law, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University - Sofia, Bulgaria.
ABSTRACT:
Titanium (Ti) is a non-essential metal element. TiO2 is used predominantly in the form of micro and nanoparticles in consumer products, including cosmetics and food. Because of its excellent biocompatibility, the trade-pure titan and its alloys are widely used as an alternative of certain metals in invasive medicine, surgery, dental medicine. Contemporary data concerning the sources of exposure to titanium, immune reactions to Ti alloys, current knowledge and perspectives of diagnosis of sensitization or allergic reactions to titanium are discussed.
Conclusion: TiO2 is much more stable than pure Ti and alloys used in the implants, that should be taken into account when conducting research and analyzing the results. The evidences of possible toxic effects are insufficient. It is difficult to assess the frequency of Ti allergy due to the uncertainty of diagnostic methods, but it is believed that it is very low. This is supported by the evidence that Ti and TiO2 (often as NP) doesn’t penetrate through healthy skin. Skin patch testing with currently available formulations of Ti and TiO2 has no significant value in clinical practice, and currently it is assumed that there is no reliable method for diagnosis Ti allergy. The functional analysis of cytokine release and investigation of genetic characteristics could be useful for individual risk assessment in dental implantology. Such studies may also help to investigate separately early and late implant loss, as well as to develop new diagnostic tools.
Keywords: titanium, dental implants, biocompatibility, allergic response, cytokines,
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Please cite this article in PubMed Style or AMA (American Medical Association) Style:
Lyapina M, Cekova M, Deliverska M, Galabov J, Kisselova A. Immunotoxicological aspects of biocompatibility of titanium. J of IMAB. 2017 Jan-Mar;23(2):1550-1559.
DOI: 10.5272/jimab.2017232.1550
Correspondence to: Maya Lyapina, MD; Department of Hygiene, Medical Ecology and Nutrition, Medical Faculty, Medical University, Sofia; 15, Acad. Ivan Evstr. Geshov Blvd., 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria; E-mail: saly_grigory@abv.bg
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Received: 20 March 2017
Published online: 23 May 2017