 |
Publisher: Peytchinski, Gospodin Iliev
ISSN: 1312 773X (Online)
Issue: 2012, vol. 18, book 3;
Subject Collection: Medicine
Page: 287-289
DOI: 10.5272/jimab.2012183.287
Published online: 28 September 2012
J of IMAB. 2012; 18(3):287-289
ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF BEHAVIORAL PROBLEMS IN VASCULAR DEMENTIA
Mariana Arnaoudova,
Department of psychiatry, Medical University-Varna, Bulgaria; Third psychiatric Clinic, University hospital “St. Marina”- Varna, Bulgaria.
ABSTRACT:
Behavioral disorders in dementia are troublesome and impact the family, caregivers, nursing or hospital staff. A number of strategies have been developed to reduce that burden.
The assessment of demented patients is complicated by the fact that patients are usually unable to express reasons for their feelings and behavior. It is important the type and frequency of behavioral symptoms to be assessed and described and, if possible, the underlying basis of the target symptom to be determined.
In our paper we discuss the most burdensome behavioral symptoms in vascular dementia and on the basis of our knowledge and clinical experience we propose different treatment solutions- pharmacological or non pharmacological. We point out that non- pharmacological solutions are usually applied to milder behavior problems, while others-without environmental triggers, that are severely distressing for caregivers, may require additional pharmacotherapy.
The optimal therapeutic results require knowledge, training and experience with such a group of demented patients.
Key words: behavioral symptoms, vascular dementia, assessment, management.
- Download FULL TEXT ( PDF 531 KB )
Please cite this article as: Arnaoudova M. ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF BEHAVIORAL PROBLEMS IN VASCULAR DEMENTIA.
J of IMAB. 2012; 18(3):287-289. doi: 10.5272/jimab.2012183.287
REFERENCES:
1. Rocca WA, Hofman A, Brayne C, Breteler MM, Clarke M, Copeland JR, et al. The prevalence of vascular dementia in Europe: facts and fragments from 1980–1990 studies. EURODEM-Prevalence Research Group. Ann Neurol. 1991 Dec;30(6):817–24. [PubMed]
2. Pohjasvaara T, Mantyla R, Ylikoski R, Kaste M, Erkinjuntti T. Comparison of different clinical criteria (DSM-III, ADDTC, ICD-10, NINDS-AIREN, DSM-IV) for the diagnosis of vascular dementia. Stroke. 2000 Dec;31(12):2952–7. [PubMed]
3. Erkinjuntti T, Ostbye T, Steenhuis R, Hachinski V. The effect of different diagnostic criteria on the prevalence of dementia. N Engl J Med. 1997 Dec 4;337(23):1667–74. [PubMed] [CrossRef]
4. Dimitrov I, Tsourio Ch, Milanov I, Deleva N, Traykov L. Prevalence of Dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment in a Bulgarian Urban Population. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen. 2012 Mar;27(2):131-135. [PubMed] [CrossRef]
5. World Health Organization: The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and behavioral Disorders: Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Guidelines. Geneva: World health Organization, 1992.
6. American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders:DSM-IV, 4th edn. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 1993.
7. Roman GC, Tatemichi TK, Erkinjuntti T, Cummings JL, Masdeu JC, Garcia JH, et al. Vascular dementia: diagnostic criteria for research studies. Report of the NINDS-AIREN International Workshop. Neurology. 1993 Feb;43(2):250-60. [PubMed]
8. Young J, Inouye SK. Delirium in older people. BMJ. 2007 April 21;334(7598):842–846. [PubMed] [CrossRef]
9. Rahkonen T, Luukkainen-Markkula R, Paanila S, Sivenius J, Sulkava R. Delirium episode as a sign of undetected dementia among community dwelling elderly subjects: a 2 year follow-up study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2000 Oct;69(4):519-21. [PubMed] [CrossRef]
10. Koponen HJ, Riekkinen PJ. A prospective study of delirium in elderly patients admitted to a psychiatric hospital. Psychol Med. 1993 Feb;23(1):103-9. [PubMed]
11. Levkoff SE, Evans DA, Liptzin B, Cleary PD, Lipsitz LA, Wetle TT, et al. Delirium. The occurrence and persistence of symptoms among elderly hospitalized patients. Arch Intern Med. 1992 Feb;152(2):334-40. [PubMed]
12. Rockwood K, Cosway S, Carver D, et al. The risk of dementia and death after delirium. Age Ageing. 1999 Oct;28(6):551-6. [PubMed] [CrossRef]
13. Rabins PV. Measuring Quality of Life in Persons with Dementia. Int Psychogeriatr. 2000; 12 /Suppl.1/:47-49. [CrossRef]
14. Bliwise DL. Circadian Rhythms and Agitation. Int Psychogeriatr. 2000; 12/Suppl.1/: 143-146. [CrossRef]
15. Cohen-Mansfield J. Conceptualization of agitation results based on the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory and the Agitation Behavior Mapping Instrument. Int Psychogeriatr. 1996; 8/Suppl 3/:309-315. [PubMed]
Accepted for publication: 04 June 2012
Issue published online: 28 September 2012